Fashion As A Social Process Essay - 2186 Words

Fashion can be defined as a style that is associated with a certain group of people or place. It is a social process that can be termed as an ideal, and also as an idea that finds its expression materially and visually in forms that are colored, branded, having different textures and shapes. Producing limits of cultural, local and global systems where it is also circulated. It does not only involve clothing, but rather has expressions of one’s individuality (Wolf 1950 : 24). During the suffragette movement in 1903 Emmeline Pankhurst started the fight for women’s rights, the representation of habits, ideas and even the clothes they wore worked together to make their cause raise attention, and be heard by the relevant authorities, which could institute change (Rolley 1990 : 47). This paper discusses fashion as a social process, and the methods for producing distinction to reflect on two fashion movements that include the introduction of women wearing pants within the soci ety, which could also be connected to the second fashion movement that is women’s fashion during the suffragette movement. George Simmel thinks of fashion not just as a single realm of social life, but rather as a general occurrence of all societies that are modern in nature. He terms this as a social horizon where the interests of individuals come up together collectively (1971 : 133). New and more innovative aesthetics, and behavioral forms challenge social customs and their stability. In that case any otherShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Fashion in the Modern World897 Words   |  4 PagesFashion is something that keeps on changing and because of its change, fashion effects our lives nearly in every aspect like language, furniture, homes, cars, clothes, food and many other things. There are trendsetters and trend followers with different degrees of adaption but here trend is a broader term pertaining to style design, deriving from cultures, social, or many other factors of which fashion is a manifestation. Fashion has become one of the most important aspect of life in today’s lifeRead MoreF ashion Blogging is Big Business1657 Words   |  7 PagesFashion bloggers can earn to hundreds of thousands of dollars per year. And the bulk of the money isnt necessarily coming from brands paying for ads on their sites; it comes from brands paying the bloggers to endorse their products in various ways. (The Womens Wear Daily, fashion industry trade paper) A clothing label might hire a fashion blogger to style a runway show and tweet and blog about the project; or to serve as a model in their ad campaigns and post the images on their blog; or to simplyRead MoreCaroline Le Bon s Fashion Marketing Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesCaroline Le Bon’s Fashion Marketing and Harriet Posner’s Marketing Fashion, defines fashion marketing and its elements. Fashion marketing and advertising is the process of analyzing, developing and marketing current fashion trends to satisfy consumer needs. Both or the readings discuss the role of marketing in the fashion industry and its differences to marketing other products. Fashion products are often trended items, temporary items based on design color, fabric and pattern. Le Bon and PosnerRead MoreMarketing And Advertising Of Fashion Marketing Essay1413 Words   |  6 Pagesplay a critical role in the fashion industry; they are various activities involved in building consumer relationships an d stimulating consumer purchases by satisfying their needs. The primary goal of fashion marketing is evident: supplying the right merchandise, to the right customers, at the right time, in the right place. Often confused as marketing, Advertising is a subset of marketing; it is a single component of promotion in the marketing mix. The process of fashion marketing is difficult dueRead MoreThe Psychological Reasons For The Media Industry Affects Fashion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesidentify the meaning of a trend - To understand the psychological explanations as to why trends have become a very important element of the Fashion industry - To find out how the Media industry affects Fashion - To explore studies which support the main points in this paper Introduction The purpose of this essay is to study the process of trends being set as well as followed. It will also focus on psychological explanations in order to determine what the cause of peopleRead MoreEthical Consumerism Of Fast Fashion1750 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Fast fashion has received a great deal of public attention in recent years. However, the phenomenon of ethical consumerism in fast fashion is under-researched. This study explores current barriers to ethical consumerism in fast fashion. There is a body of research that investigate intention and the actual behavior of ethical minded consumers (Carrington et al. 2010; Beard 2008; Brandstà ¤tter et al. 2006; Kim et al. 2013) but not much has been done on ethical consumerism including the drivingRead MoreHow Does Social Media Affect The Fashion Industry?1403 Words   |  6 PagesTO WHAT EXTENT DOES SOCIAL MEDIA AFFECT THE FASHION INDUSTRY? Summary: The essence of my Research Project was to determine the effectiveness of using social media in the fashion industry. It was informed by my interest in social media and fashion. It attempts to analyze the success of social media for emerging brands. The focus of this investigation was further refined by an analysis of the current success of fashion across a range of social media sites. I recognized that my main research wouldRead MoreImpact Of Technology In Fashion921 Words   |  4 Pages Technological advancement in regards to Fashion As technology continues to progress fashion evolves right alongside. Before the invention of the tv the way to spread different styles and outfits was through sketches and designs. By this means it would take extended amounts of time to spread ideas of fashion from one place to another. The influence of technology on the fashion industry cannot be overlooked. Fashion is being rapidly offered to consumers at an amazingly fast rate. NowadaysRead MoreClothing And Identity And Social Class1342 Words   |  6 PagesClothing is used to represent both identity and social class in very similar ways. Identity is one of the most compelling and contentious conceptions. Individuals declare who they are through what they wear. One’s appearance reveals their gender, race, ethnicity, social class, sexuality, age, and personal interests. Expressing yourself and who you are can be challenging to put into words, therefore it is a lot easier to show who you are through the way you dress. For ce nturies, clothing has beenRead MoreSustainable, Environmentally Friendly And Ethical Products1227 Words   |  5 Pagesinto a global trend and became an integral part of (fashion) design and production process [1]. It is a stage in the life cycle of fashion garment. Why so? Because it explores approaches such as low impact textiles techniques, zero waste techniques, repair and maintenance techniques, closed-loop design systems, low-impact manufacturing technologies, mono-materiality, design durability, and up cycling. Sustainable fashion, also known as eco fashion, is part of the larger growing trend of creating more

Essay on How the Great Depression Changed the Federal...

The period before the great depression, the 1920s, was known as the Roaring Twenties or the Jazz age. This Era was marked by artistic movement such as the creation of Jazz music and a rich supply of American writing. During this time the federal government had been providing some aid to the states but leaving the bulk of the power to the states, which is known as a dual federalism. It also marked the end of modest social traditions and wave of materialism encouraged by increased customer spending with the open use of a new concept called credit. As the Great Depression rolled in, a cry for the involvement of government in matters of the economy was sent out as the United States reached an all time low. When Wall Street crashed, millions of†¦show more content†¦Along with the New Deal came a lot of controversy about the expansion of the government’s part in American society. Three days after taking office FDR established the Emergency Banking Act, that closed all the banks. Once the banks were reopened they were put under close supervision, also the treasury was authorized to issue more currency. After the Emergency Banking act, during the rest of FDR’s first 100 days in office, he proposed, and Congress enacted, an abundance of legislative acts such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA), the Civic Works Administration (CWA), the Homeowners Loan Act, and the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). One of the most innovative New Deal Program was the Tennessee Valley Authority act (TVA) which created an independent public agency that oversaw the development of projects in the Tennessee River Valley. â€Å"While [the New Deal] did not end the Depression, [the] experimental programs helped the American people immeasurably by taking care of their basic needs and giving them the dignity of work and hope† (Maxwell, 1952) Grants-in-aids became a main mechanism ofShow MoreRelatedGreat Depression Outline1529 Words   |  7 PagesHistory Outline Monsy Rodriguez The Great Depression Thesis: In its duration and magnitude, the Great Depression was indefinitely more severe than any other episode of â€Å"hard times† in our history and it was the molding force of the America we live in today. Purpose of Your Hook: The purpose of my hook is to get the reader’s attention and have them keep reading and get through the whole essay. Key Point of Introduction: The purpose of my introduction is to expose the reader of my topic and myRead MoreEssay on Great depression1599 Words   |  7 PagesMaterial The Great Depression Part 1 Complete the chart by filling in each president’s views on the Great Depression. Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt Causes of the Great Depression *Weak agricultural and industrial growth in the US was due to foreign competition with domestic businesses, and a solution that helped both domestic and foreign economies grow mutually was not necessary. *The lack of individual and voluntary response to the depression, especially responseRead MoreThe Great Depression By Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal Legislation1115 Words   |  5 PagesWhat do you think about when you hear The Great Depression? Some might say the worst economic time in the United States of America. The Great Depression was one of the longest and innermost economic downturn in the world of history between the years of 1929 and 1939. Also, The Great Depression led to the Federal Government having a more involved role in America s economy, this was done through the creation of Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal Legislation, which turned out to be effective becauseRead MoreWhy The Roaring 20s?1400 Words   |  6 Pagesessay will review the following: assessing the argument on why the roaring 20s was a reaction to the first world war, who/what is to blame for the great depression, who had a more difficult experience: farmers or city people, how effective the responses of the Roosevelt Administration to the great depression and how that changed the role of the federal government, as well as why the general publics thought of the 1920s being a good time is inaccurate. In a way the roaring 20s is a reactionRead MoreSimilarities Between Cinderella Man And The Great Depression703 Words   |  3 Pagesin the 1920’s was drastically different from life in the Great Depression. In the 20’s life was amazing. Wealth was being spread and the parties never stopped. It was all over when the stock market crashed in 1929. Banks closed and everyone lost their money. The movie Cinderella Man showed how life changed for boxer James Braddock. He was a famous boxer during the twenties. The movie showed the struggles he went through when the Depression hit. He lost his job and barely made it by. Cinderella ManRead MoreThe Growth of American Government from the End of Reconstruction and the end of World War II1513 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment had no other choice but to intervene in these instances to return balance to the economy and protect its citizens it served. The government changed both its approach and its size through programs ini tiated by the Industrial Revolution, New Deal programs during and following the Great Depression, and World War II, forever changing the relationship between Americans and their Government. During the Industrial Revolution with the massive railroad production across the country, the railroadRead MoreFederal National Mortgage Association ( Freddie Mac )1034 Words   |  5 PagesIn 2008 two government sponsored enterprise (GSE), Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), received the second-largest bailout in the United States, totaling $187 billion. The bailout of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac drew attention to the problems with too big to fail (TBTF) entities and government guarantees. The bailout highlighted the lack of market discipline and encouraged moral hazard. The erosion of the prerequisitesRead MoreThe Great Depression And Its Effects On The World Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Depression happened during the late 1920’s and continued until the early 1940’s. The origin of the depression was in the United States as the stock market crashed in 1929 wiping affecting millions of investors. The US economy was connected with the global economy, this economic crisis affected the whole world with high unemployment and low production. Industrial production declined dramatically, causing distribution systems to struggle as â€Å"transportation, wholesaling, manufacturing, andRead MoreImpact Of The New Deal On The Great Depression1355 Words   |  6 Pages Impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression Preceding the Great Depression, the United States went through a glorious age of prosperity, with a booming market, social changes, and urbanization; America was changing. At the end of the 1920’s and well through the 1930’s, America was faced with its greatest challenge yet; the 1929 stock market crash. It would be the end of the prosperity of the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. Now the American government and its citizens were faced with a failing economyRead MoreThe Great Depression : History1409 Words   |  6 Pages The Great Depression Suzette Toliver HIS205 Contemporary World History Belhaven University - Houston Cause The Great Depression has been labeled as the worst economic depression in the United States History. â€Å"On September 3, 1929, the Dow Jones was at a high of 381 points, and on October 29, 1929, it had fallen to 41 points after a week of panic selling.† http://thegreatdepressioncauses.com/causes/. Things started to become unstable as many people were getting rid of their stock. Banks

Interactive Wireless Solutions for Next Generation Education System

Question: Discuss about the Interactive Wireless Solutions for Next Generation Education System. Answer: Background and Overview Educating people is the greatest way to human progress. All over the world, educators have only one goal, and that is to provide high quality academics so that students can achieve greater academic excellences and can move towards a better future (Agrawal Zeng, 2015). However, involvements of new technologies in the education system have become a unique and useful way to educate the students. Use of wireless solutions such as tablets, laptops, mobile technologies and many others can enhance the learning environment of the classroom in a modern and advanced way. Through this research proposal, the researcher will try to focus on the incorporation of wireless solutions in the classroom, so that the students can embrace these technologies in their daily learning activities. Research Objectives By considering the aspect, the researcher makes the following objectives To identify the benefits of using wireless solutions for next generation education system To identify the challenges by incorporating wireless solutions in the next generation education system To recommend the ways wireless technology can be adapted Conceptual Foundation of the Topic According to Wu et al., (2013), the classroom environment should be restructured from whiteboard or chalk to digital projectors, electronic whiteboards, and document camera. In addition to this, uses of wireless laptops are also useful, so that students can get access to the worldwide information. Using these technologies learning becomes more sophisticated and interesting. Ally and Prieto-Blazquez (2014) opined that Use of tablets enables the teachers as well as the students to share the necessary study materials from anywhere at any time. Incorporation of these new advanced technologies not only helps the teachers to manage the classrooms effectively but also enhance students learning in a modern and unique way. By the use of these technologies, teachers can display their contents on students' devices. This screen sharing the feature of provides actual contents of the study materials, so that students can learn in a better way. Online applications provide a collaborative learning p latform to share innovative ideas and to encourage feedback from the parents and teachers (Grnewald et al., 2013). This not only helps the students to learn better but also helps the teachers to assess each students performance in an adaptive and personalized way. Figure 1: Conceptual Framework (Source: Created by Author) However, Agrawal and Zeng (2015) acknowledged that new technologies always come with greater challenges that must be considered to make positive impacts on the educational system. Too much engagement in the technologies can distract the students, and it creates negative impacts on their academic performance. Personal interactions between teachers and students and problem solving capabilities of the students can be disrupted with the unlimited assistance of wireless technology. Ally and Prieto-Blazquez (2014) highlighted a major fact that, implementation and maintenance of these new devices require skilled personnel which can increase the operational cost of educational institutes. Scope of the Research The scope of this research is to analyze the existing learning framework of educational institutes and how it can be restructured through new wireless tools and technologies. References Agrawal, D. P., Zeng, Q. A. (2015). Introduction to wireless and mobile systems. Cengage Learning. Ally, M. Prieto-Blzquez, J., (2014). What is the future of mobile learning in education?. Revista de Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento, 11(1), pp.142-151. Grnewald, F., Yang, H., Mazandarani, E., Bauer, M. Meinel, C., (2013). Next generation tele-teaching: Latest recording technology, user engagement and automatic metadata retrieval. In Human Factors in Computing and Informatics (pp. 391-408). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wu, H.K., Lee, S.W.Y., Chang, H.Y. Liang, J.C., (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers Education, 62, pp.41-49.

Physical Activity And Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease In India

Question: Discuss about the Physical Activity And Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease In India. Answer: Physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease in India The evidence presented in the paper The selected case-control study was carried out with an objective to know the relationship between physical exercise and coronary heart disease (CHD) in the urban areas of India i.e. Delhi and Banglore (Rastogi et al 2004). The urban hospitals of New Delhi and Bangalore were carefully chosen to draw a sample of 350 cases and 700 controls. The cases and controls were matched for age and gender. They were asked certain questions regarding socioeconomic status, smoking history, history of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, family history of Cardio Vascular Diseases, dietary intake, types of fat or oils used in cooking, nutritional supplement use, and physical activity. The anthropometric measurments were also taken regarding height, weight, hip waist circumferences, body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio. The data analysis was done using conditional logistic regression where confounders were controlled in the analysis. The results found that 48% of controls and 38% of cases participated in some kind of leisure-time physical activity. The participants who engaged in highest level of leisure-time physical activity had lowest risk of developing CHD. On the other hand; participants with comparatively increased levels of sedentary lifestyles, had higher risk of developing CHD. The paper concluded that leisure-time exercise had a protective effect on heart as compared to sedentary lifestyle. The recommendation of paper was that physical activities in daily lives should be promoted in urban India. Exposure or Intervention The exposure or intervention was leisure time exercise which was assessed with the help of physical activity questionnaire. The metabolic equivalents (MET) or intensity of the reported activities were assessed with the help of Compendium of Physical Activities (Rastogi et al 2004, pg 2, para 5). Outcome The outcome was acute Myocardial Infarction. Cases were the respondents having outcome. Controls were the respondents in which outcome was absent. Cases aged 2174 with a diagnosis of AMI were selected from eight urban hospitals in New Delhi and Bangalore between January 1999 and January 2000 (Rastogi et al 2004, pg 2, para 1). Study Design The study design was case-control study having 350 cases of acute myocardial infarction and 700 controls matched for age and gender. The study used conditional logistic regression for data analysis (Rastogi et al 2004, pg 1, Abstract). Study Population The study population was patients in urban hospitals of New Delhi and Banglore. Main findings of study People with exposure to highest level of leisure time exercise i.e. 145 MET-minutes per day, equivalent to 36 minutes of brisk walking per day, had relative risk of 0.45 (95% CI 0.31-0.66) as compared to non-exercise group. It means leisure-time exercise had a protective effect for the risk of AMI. On the other hand people with greater than 3.6 hours per day of sedentary activity had about 1.88 times (95% CI 1.09-3.20) higher risk of developing AMI, as compared to people with less than 70 minutes per day of sedentary activity per day. Extent to which the observed association between the exposure and outcome be attributed to non-causal explanations Non-causal explanations of the observed association could be attributed to selection and/or measurement bias, confounding, or chance variation. Following section explains all three in detail. Selection and/ or measurement bias The patients in both the groups were matched by age and gender; but there always remains risk of selection bias in the study as the controls were relatively healthy and their ailments were minor, as compared to cases having diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). The studies have shown selection bias to be a common cause of bias in case-control studies (van Rein et al 2014). The selection of controls could also be inappropriate. Also in the present study, the disease is very severe and the chances of pre-mature death are high. Thus the study selected only those patients who survived the condition of AMI and thus had comparatively less severe illness, which is again a major cause of bias (van Rein et al 2014). This is also called survivor bias in case-control studies (ibid). In the discussion section, the author has discussed that controls were chosen from seven different out-patient clinics and in-patient wards; and so there were chances of association being present in one particular group and not in other groups; and such a situation might induced bias in the results. Also the study interviewed only those cases who survived. Thus, although there were 25 cases that did not survive, but they could not be included in the study. Also the author himself has argued the possibility of only health conscious individuals participating in the study, which may have induced bias in the study. Moreover controls in the study were more educated and had lower incomes than cases; which might be the source of bias in the study. Confounding The study adjusted the following confounders: age, gender, cigarette and bidi smoking, BMI, WHR, alcohol intake, education, or income; but there might be other unknown confounding factors which might have introduced bias in the results. One such example is the use of chewing tobacco. Cigarette and Bidi smoking have been adjusted, but not chewing tobacco. There is also a possibility of introducing the bias by doing matching. However matching is supposed to remove bias but studies have shown that it may also introduce bias (Pearce 2016). The reason being; while attempting to match for the confounders; matching may also be done for exposure itself (ibid). Further matched case-control design must include matched analysis (ibid). In this particular research various potential confounders were controlled in the analysis. Thus every possible effort was done to remove confounding. The researcher has also reasoned that physical activity may also be protective for some of the ailments in control group, other than AMI, which may have induced confounding bias in the research. Chance Variation The researcher had set the level of significance at 95 percent, which left only 5 percent chances of chance variation. Chance Variation is inherent in any research based on statistical predictions. Chance variation is also called chance error or random error. It is the difference between the predicted value and actual value/ population value. In other words it is the probability by which the estimates differ from the true value/ population value. In a normal distribution curve, if we take a range up to 1.96 SD (standard deviations) above and below the estimated mean; then there are 95% chances that true value will fall in that range; which will leave only 5 percent likelihoods of any variation from this range, which is called chance variation. There will be 2.5% chances that true value/ population value will fall above this range and 2.5% chances will be that true value will fall below this range. (Sowey, Petocz, 2017) Internal Validity of the study The quantitative research is considered to be internally valid if it could minimise Systematic errors or bias. The researcher has to ensure that the cause-effect relationship is not a spurious one. There are several benchmarks defined by various epidemiologists from time to time; which authenticates the evidence of causal relationship between the exposure and the outcome; within the study. Some of these principles are as follows. The first principle is that the cause must precede the effect i.e. there should be temporal relationship between the cause and effect. The second principle is that covariation between cause and effect should be high. It means, by changing the one, there should be clear and visible change in the other. The third principle is that there should be a dose-response relationship between the cause and effect. It means higher the change in one, higher should be the change in the other or vice-versa (Neuman 2016). These conditions for internal validity of study are f urther deliberated in detail as follows. Temporal relationship Yes, the research have shown that there is a temporal relationship between exposure and outcome. It was a case-control study and the exposure or non-exposure to leisure-time exercise preceded the development or non-development of AMI. Strong relationship Yes, the relationship between leisure time exercise and AMI was very strong as the P value was less than 0.0001 for the relationship. Participants with 35-40 minutes of brisk walking had 55% lower risk of developing AMI as compared to controls who did not exercise. Dose-response relationship Yes, there was a dose-response relationship between exposure and the outcome. Participants in the highest level of physical exercise group had lowest risk of developing AMI and this observation was significant at p0.0001. Consistency within the study Yes, the results were consistent within the study. Age and Sex adjusted analysis showed that leisure-time physical exercise lowered the risk of AMI. After adjusting for confounders like cigarette/ bidi smoking, the leisure time exercise had protective effect on AMI risk. The results were also consistent in multi-variate analysis. Accordance with other evidence Yes, the findings are consistent with other evidence. The findings are consistent with evidence from some recent research. In 2014, Andersen and colleagues found that leisure time physical activity had a protective effect towards the risk of developing AMI and the benchmark of a dose-response relationship also got fulfilled (Andersen et al 2014). Similarly the INTERHEART study of China found a protective role of leisure-time physical exercise towards AMI as compared to sedentary lifestyle (Cheng et al 2014). Moreover in Copenhagen City Heart study, it was found that leisure-time physical exercise had a protective effect in post-MI patients (Saevereid et al 2013). A recent meta-analysis by Claes et al also revealed that home-based physical activity is protective for cardiovascular rehabilitation (Claes et al 2017). Some other studies around the world have also found that exercise-based rehabilitation helps in the improvement of quality of life and functional capacity of heart (Peixoto et al 2015). Also some studies have been mentioned in the article itself. The article talk about one prospective study from US on women that established that more than 3 hours per week of leisure time physical exercise had protective effect on heart. Another cohort study on US men determined that individuals who were doing more than 30 minutes per day of moderate-intensity physical exercise had 20 percent lower chances of developing CHD. The selected paper discusses another US-based prospective study on post-menopausal women, which determined that walking daily have a protective effect on heart. Biological Plausibility Yes, the results are plausible in terms of a biological mechanism. The leisure-time physical exercise results in lipid lowering in Atherosclerotic plaques. It also reduces thrombotic potential and increases fibrinolytic potential (Libby 2013). The study has also discussed underlying biological mechanisms due to which physical activity has protective effects on CVD risk. These include reduced blood pressure, increased HDL (High-Density Lipoproteins), increase in insulin sensitivity, improvement in endothelial function, and reduction in atherogenic cytokine production. External Validity The external validity of a research denotes the extent to which the results of the study could be generalised across heterogenous populations. The sampling bias may be a threat to external validity of research if the sample is not true representative of study population (Pearl 2017). In other words the results of the study could be generalised to whole population which is possible when the chosen sample is true representative of the study population. It is always important to reinforce the reporting of results on external validity so that the context of application of results could be understood i.e. whether the results are applicable to local settings or group settings or wider country settings. It becomes important to transform research in to practice as the interventions may also be applicable to similar context or settings (Steckler, McLeroy, 2008). Generalisability This particular research was conducted on hospital patients from the urban settings of Delhi and Banglore. Thus results of the study could be generalised to urban cities of India only, that too particularly Delhi and Banglore. If some other study is conducted by taking controls from general populations, the results might be different. Thus to conclude, the results of this research could be generalised to urban hospital patients of New Delhi and Banglore cities of India. Can the findings be applied to the source population from which the study population was derived? The study population was derived from urban hospitals of New Delhi and Banglore cities of India. The chosen sample was sufficient to generalise the findings to the source population; but as the research was conducted on patients selected from hospitals only, the generalisation of results to general population or whole population of a country or city is uncertain. Can the study results be applied to other relevant populations? The study results are specific to New Delhi and Banglore cities of India as the selected sample was representative of hospital patients of these two cities only; and thus the results could not be generalised to other relevant populations. References Andersen, K., Mariosa, D., Adami, H. O., Held, C., Ingelsson, E., Lagerros, Y. T., ... Sundstrm, J. (2014). Dose-response relations of total and leisure-time physical activity to risk of heart failure: a prospective cohort study. Circulation: Heart Failure, CIRCHEARTFAILURE-113. Cheng, X., Li, W., Guo, J., Wang, Y., Gu, H., Teo, K., ... Yusuf, S. (2014). Physical activity levels, sport activities, and risk of acute myocardial infarction: results of the INTERHEART study in China. Angiology, 65(2), 113-121. Claes, J., Buys, R., Budts, W., Smart, N., Cornelissen, V. A. (2017). Longer-term effects of home-based exercise interventions on exercise capacity and physical activity in coronary artery disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of preventive cardiology, 24(3), 244-256. Libby, P. (2013). Mechanisms of acute coronary syndromes and their implications for therapy. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(21), 2004-2013. Neuman, W. L. (2016). Understanding research. Pearson. Pearce, N. (2016). Analysis of matched case-control studies. bmj, 352, i969. Pearl, J. (2017). The Eight Pillars of Causal Wisdom (Lecture notes for the UCLA WCE conference, April 24, 2017). Peixoto, T. C., Begot, I., Bolzan, D. W., Machado, L., Reis, M. S., Papa, V., ... Guizilini, S. (2015). Early exercise-based rehabilitation improves health-related quality of life and functional capacity after acute myocardial infarction: a randomized controlled trial. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 31(3), 308-313. Rastogi, T., Vaz, M., Spiegelman, D., Reddy, K. S., Bharathi, A. V., Stampfer, M. J., ... Ascherio, A. (2004). Physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease in India. International journal of epidemiology, 33(4), 759-767. Saevereid, H. A. S., Schnohr, P. S., Prescott, E. P. (2013). Speed and duration of walking and other leisure time physical activity and the risk of heart failure: the Copenhagen City Heart study. European Heart Journal, 34(suppl 1), P3646. Sowey, E., Petocz, P. (2017). A Panorama of Statistics: Perspectives, Puzzles and Paradoxes in Statistics. John Wiley Sons. Steckler, A., McLeroy, K. R. (2008). The importance of external validity. American Journal of Public Health, 98(1), pp. 910. van Rein, N., Cannegieter, S. C., Rosendaal, F. R., Reitsma, P. H., Lijfering, W. M. (2014). Suspected survivor bias in casecontrol studies: stratify on survival time and use a negative control. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 67(2), 232-235.

Essay Exam Sample Questions For Job Applicants

Essay Exam Sample Questions For Job ApplicantsFor people who are keen on their careers but do not have a career as their goal, essay exam samples are a great help. These practice tests give a chance to understand how to score high on the essay. This article gives some examples of essays, which can be used for essay exam sample questions for job applicants.The first question to consider in a good essay is how to describe your skills and talents. This is an important part, because you should not only know how to write a certain type of paper, but also know what to put in your essay. People want to hire people who are unique. If you can depict your unique personality, it will help other people understand you better.Next in your list is the topic that will comprise your essay. Again, this is important because it will be a key factor when it comes to the contents of your essay. For example, if you are applying for a job as a senior information technology executive, you would not need to w rite about cars, because all you need to put in your essay is that you are one of the best leaders in your field.Writing is the last aspect which is a bit different. You should be able to produce excellent essays without too much time pressure. Try to avoid writing too many sentences or too much about yourself or on topics that are not relevant to the subject of your essay.One of the most common problems in writing essays is that they are very vague, and the author does not use the right words. A simple test for a quality essay is whether you find it easy to read, and the things you are writing are not hidden within the main body of the essay.One other aspect to think about is how to properly put your essay on a research paper. The content should be well-organized and your choices of words should be chosen carefully.In conclusion, your essay can take all types of forms. It can be creative or it can be personal, or it can be analytical or it can be a reflection of a certain point of view.It is important to have a practice test at hand to refresh your memory on how to use the tests effectively. It is best to consult your school's guidance counselor on the type of tests you should use, and if there are any particular ones that you should use. This will also ensure that you will have no problem in filling in the exam in the future.

Late Adulthood and Death Paper Essay Example

Late Adulthood and Death Paper Paper Late Adulthood and Death Paper PSY/280 July 19, 2011 Late Adulthood and Death Paper Analyzing late adulthood and the death of an individual as a culmination of the life span development process one must understand late adulthood consists of. This paper will give a brief overview of ageism and stereotypes associate with late adulthood. This will explain how health and wellness techniques in the late adulthood stages can mitigate the negative effects of aging. As people age the social views and experiences changes in relationships and interactions with individuals, as he or she nears end of life. When closely approaching the end of life, a person has cultural and personal attitudes about death and dignity in late adulthood. Ageism and Stereotypes When examining ageism and stereotypes associated with late adulthood defines as ones prejudice or discrimination that occurs on the basis of age. When thinking about ageism one must look at the disengagement theory (Cumming Henry, 1961) that proposes that adults voluntarily reduce the contact with society rather than experiencing exclusion later and the disappointment not chosen. Other ageism statements say that older people forced involuntarily to give up participation with society. The disengagement theory justifies withdrawal from social institutions. Stereotyping defines as one making comments to someone saying that a certain age does a task that way. Stereotypes toward old people are cruel and unethical because one-day he or she will be in the same situation. Some stereotypes include older people show depression and loneliness, all old people look the same, old adults look sick, frail, and dependent, last older adults act cognitively and psychologically impaired. We will write a custom essay sample on Late Adulthood and Death Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Late Adulthood and Death Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Late Adulthood and Death Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer People who make stereotypical comments do this to build one’s own self confidence. If one researched all the data about the stereotypical comments one would see the comments made are not as accurate as he or she believes. Everyone deserves to be respected, especially as one ages. Health and Wellness Aging is inevitable, a fact that cannot be ignored. The aging process in late adulthood is called senescence. People cannot stop the effects of aging but there are alternatives that can help ease the process. These measures are not always followed because people make poor life choices such as smoking. Aging adults will even spend millions of dollars trying to slow the process of aging. No matter how much money they spend aging will occur. Most aging adults do not receive the necessary preventive services to help promote health and wellness during this stage of life. These preventive services include vaccinations and screenings. These important services help detect many diseases, delay their onset, or identify them early in their most treatable stages to ensure healthier, longer, and more productive lives for older adults (Prevention, 2011). Better people take care of themselves the longer they will live. People who balance: the right diet, making better choices and not acting sedentary has a better chance in living longer lives. With the advances in medical care, better health practices, improved nutrition, and other factors help people live longer. As long as older adults are following the correct measures, they can help counter the effects of aging because this stage here most people retire, they need to stay active and keep eating healthy foods. By not living actively can lead to his or her body shutting down, and may also lead to an early death. Many programs are available that older adults can join to help keep them on track. Aging adults can also receive information from their doctors and pamphlets from clinics that will give them a guideline to follow to age gracefully. Importance of Relationships and Social Interactions Humans are social animals, dependent on one another for survival and drawn to one another for joy, (University of Phoenix, 2010). Studies show that married older people are healthier, wealthier, and happier than unmarried people and their spouse’s support can help extend their lives. The importance for older adults to have a partner helps because they can depend on each other for help, and they can also help each partner in an area that they are experiencing trouble with because of age. Older adults experience capabilities of being able to have an even give and take relationship and give mutual respect in the relationship. * Older adults who have no partner should have social interactions daily as it has proven emotionally healthier than to be alone. Also older married adults must adjust to their interactions with his or her spouse because they will be together much more when they retire. This constant interaction can lead to disputes but has shown that older adults in a close marital relationship have been proven less depressed and less eager about disabilities that may present themselves because of age. * The importance of companionship in older adults, the average married woman will experience four to ten years of widowhood. The average man will experience none. The first two years can be especially difficult for the widow, but studies show that women come to enjoy the newfound independence and few seek new companionship. For widowers it is not the same, widowers have fewer friends and receive less support from the family. Those widowers try to interact to find new companionship. * Cultural and Personal Attitudes The aging process and developmental stages come to the end once a human being is deceased. A normal life cycle will have its last developmental and cognitive stage in late adulthood. This is a period is defined by the individual’s death. The cognitive learning and development in late adulthood shares some traits with the early stages of life. In this final stage the individual is seeking relationships with his close family and will create dependency on the family members. These dependencies are in all areas of human life. The cognitive and physical abilities of a person experiencing late adulthood are decreasing. Cultural factors play important roles in the lives of the elders. Different cultures will dictate the way that the older person will be taken care of financially, emotionally, social, and in all the remaining areas. Different cultures will have different approaches to this final stage; usually the children will adopt a more active role in their parent’s life. In this transition process that occurs in the late adulthood is a dynamic shift in responsibilities and roles. The elders will not be responsible for their children’s; the children will be responsible for their parents. This has a clear decrease in the analytical abilities. The cultural influence in the upbringing will determine if the alders will be on assisted living facility or will be solely responsibility of by family members. During this stage cognitive development is influenced by the mortality and their legacy. This stage the individual will realize his mortality and most cases assume a role of an amicable person than an authoritarian figure. The spouse also plays an important role on the individual quality of life. All the persons surrounding an individual in late adulthood will focus in providing a good quality of life, a safe environment, and a honest relation. Like in the early stages of life the family component is one of the driving entities in this stage. Family and close friend will have a direct impact in the quality of the individual. Once the individual’s need get more complicated the family will decide to take the person to a nursing home because the medical need cannot be meet by the family. The late adulthood is a stage very complex and full of different experiences. This transition stage allows the relinquishing of responsibilities to family members and in many instances they will seek the oldest knowledge. This stage should be used to resolve and organize the individual’s state. Ensuring that everything is taking resolved will provide a sense of accomplishment and serenity. At that time the main focus should be ensuring the quality of life remaining. Different cultures have different approaches to the wellbeing of the older adults; all have the same goal, to obtain and maintain the highest quality of life for the older. This is also complemented by the medical advantages available. Hospice care and pain management are some important tools available for the families to ensure dignity in this stage of life; that many consider a beginning, not the end. * References Berger, K. S. (2010). Invitation to the Life Span, 1e. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Todd D. Nelson, (2004). Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice Against Older Persons. : Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Prevention, C. f. (2011, March 14). Clinical Preventive Services for Older Adults. Retrieved July 17, 2011, from CDC: http://www. cdc. gov/features/PreventiveServices/

The eNotes Blog Educator Professional Development Issues andOpportunities

Educator Professional Development Issues andOpportunities Last month the first Global Teacher Prize- $1,000,000- was awarded by the Varkey Foundation to an educator in Maine, Nancie Atwell. Described as the â€Å"Nobel Prize in teaching,† the award received a lot of publicity, and Atwell made the news when she won it. During an interview with CNN, she said that the current emphasis on standards and standardized testing is â€Å"a movement that’s turned teachers into technicians, not reflective practitioners. Considering that she has forty-plus years of teaching experience and has now been recognized essentially as the best teacher in the world, her assessment of the profession deserves attention. It also raises questions about current trends in professional development. If the teacher’s role has changed from practitioner to technician, then the focus of professional development has most likely changed, too.  The philosophy driving PD right now is evident in Professional Development in the United States: Trends and Challenges, the second phase of a three-part study by The Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education.   In the preface to the report, the current focus of professional development is identified: to improve teacher quality to â€Å"bolster student achievement† and meet federal mandates. The characteristics of â€Å"high-quality† professional development are listed later in the report. Several of them are especially significant considering Nancie Atwell’s remarks about being a teacher vs. being a technician.  The overall structure of PD is now a top-down, one-size-fits-all model with a singular objective: raise test scores. The opposing view of professional development is radically different: it  argues  that teachers are professionals, unique individuals dedicated to self-assessment and personal growth as educators. Consequently, proponents of this philosophy contend that professional development should be generated from the bottom up, not imposed from the top down. Karen Webb, executive director of Fund For Teachers, a non-profit that awards teaching fellowships, explains this approach to PD in two short videos  (the QA video is great for morale!). So, those are the two current and conflicting philosophies regarding professional development. Regardless of which approach  is trending, it’s good to know that teachers, who are indeed professional people, can take charge of their own growth in the classroom. Here are some ideas for doing just that: Decide what you want to learn or to master to become a better teacher. Focus on a specific objective. Gather resources to use in accomplishing the objective. An internet search will provide many, and just about every web site designed for teachers has a Professional Development menu. Talk with colleagues and teachers who work in other schools. Talk with former teachers whom you admire and respect and who obviously knew what they were doing in a classroom. Take advantage of educational opportunities in your  community, especially if you live near a university. Many lectures and workshops are free. When you feel grounded in your objective, move on to the next one, but don’t hurry. Professional development is an ongoing process with never an end in sight. The very best teachers are dedicated lifelong learners. They know they’ll never know all there is to know about their discipline or about teaching kids, but they aren’t put off by it. They enjoy never being finished in the pursuit of excellence. Finally, check out the numerous organizations that provide professional development grants. And this brings me back to Fund For Teachers.  Active in 43 states, the non-profit has now awarded $22 million in grants to 6,000 teachers. Review the work of teachers who have pursued their own professional development here. Use the search engine and content filters to locate research projects most relevant to your own teaching. Also, go here  for links to other organizations that support professional development. Thinking about the current, contentious state of American education, I am reminded, oddly enough, of Winston Churchill. â€Å"You can always count on Americans to do the right thing,† he once said, â€Å"after they’ve tried everything else.† So maybe it’s in our character to try everything before settling on the right thing. Right now professional development seems to be focused on honing the skills of teacher-technicians. I suspect, however, that another kind of professional development is occurring every day as teachers work individually and together to grow stronger in providing kids with an education that surpasses a set of standards. It’s a happy thought. This is a guest post from Staff Writer, Susan Hurn. Susan is a former high school English teacher and college instructor. She loves writing for and also enjoys good books, creative writing, and all things related to history.   Let us know if youre interested in contributing to the   blog.